三维成矿预测多源地学空间数据库建设——以宁芜盆地钟姑矿田为例          下载免费PDF全文

张明明李晓晖  唐敏慧马良贾  蔡胡训宇廖宝胜袁 峰 《地质科学》2017,(3):743-754

大数据是海量、高增长率和多样化的信息资产,是未来找矿靶区预测的不可或缺的技术。大数据-三维成矿预测研究面临机遇与挑战,其涉及的地学大数据除了数据来源众多、比例尺不同、数据量大、非结构化管理、时效性强、空间数据与非空间数据协同管理等复杂特点外,还必须具有适应进行三维建模及空间分析的数据结构。本文分析了地学空间大数据的特点,对多源地学综合信息的管理需求进行研究,参考国家及行业标准,建立了可满足三维成矿预测需求的多源地学空间数据库模型,并依据实际划分为勘查控制钻孔地质数据库、空间属性数据库和地球物理数据库,各数据库可在多源地学空间索引库的支持下协同工作。本文以大数据应用的典型实例--钟姑矿田作为研究对象,系统收集了矿田内勘查成果资料,建立了钟姑矿田多源地学空间数据库,并在此基础上进行了控矿要素的有效提取,可进一步支持三维成矿预测。研究结果表明,本文提出的多源地学空间数据库可有效管理地学空间大数据,是大数据-三维成矿预测的重要解决方案,是进行三维成矿预测的重要数据支持。  相似文献   

Structural geology practice and learning,from the perspective of cognitive science     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2013

Spatial ability is required by practitioners and students of structural geology and so, considering spatial skills in the context of cognitive science has the potential to improve structural geology teaching and practice. Spatial thinking skills may be organized using three dichotomies, which can be linked to structural geology practice. First, a distinction is made between separating (attending to part of a whole) and combining (linking together aspects of the whole). While everyone has a basic ability to separate and combine, experts attend to differences guided by experiences of rock properties in context. Second, a distinction is made between seeing the relations among multiple objects as separate items or the relations within a single object with multiple parts. Experts can flexibly consider relations among or between objects to optimally reason about different types of spatial problems. Third, a distinction is made between reasoning about stationary and moving objects. Experts recognize static configurations that encode a movement history, and create mental models of the processes that led to the static state. The observations and inferences made by a geologist leading a field trip are compared with the corresponding observations and inferences made by a cognitive psychologist interested in spatial learning. The presented framework provides a vocabulary for discussing spatial skills both within and between the fields of structural geology and cognitive psychology.  相似文献   

Regularities in Spatial Information Processing: Implications for Modeling Destination Choice     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):227-239

This paper investigates the determinants of spatial knowledge and how our knowledge of space varies according to geographic location. By using data on U.S. city names recalled at 22 test locations, a multivariate model of the information surface specific to each test location is calibrated. This model links the probability of a city being recalled from memory to its distance from the test site, its population size, its location with respect to other cities, and whether or not it is a state capital. The paper then suggests that these recall data provide information on spatial knowledge surfaces from which large-scale spatial choices, such as migration destinations, are made. Results from the analysis lend further evidence to the idea that spatial knowledge is stored and processed hierarchically and that individuals underrepresent information in large clusters. Consequently, the results have important implications for modeling any spatial behavior based on individuals' spatial information surfaces. In particular, the results cast further doubt on the validity of traditional large-scale spatial choice frameworks and lend support to the competing destinations hypothesis.  相似文献   

Exploring the reasons for the seasons using Google Earth, 3D models,and plots     

《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(6):582-603

ABSTRACT

Public understanding of climate and climate change is of broad societal importance. However, misconceptions regarding reasons for the seasons abound amongst students, teachers, and the public, many of whom believe that seasonality is caused by large variations in Earth’s distance from the Sun. Misconceptions may be reinforced by textbook illustrations that exaggerate eccentricity or show an inclined view of Earth’s near-circular orbit. Textbook explanations that omit multiple factors influencing seasons, that do not mesh with students’ experiences, or that are erroneous, hinder scientifically valid reasoning. Studies show that many teachers share their students’ misconceptions, and even when they understand basic concepts, teachers may fail to appreciate the range of factors contributing to seasonal change, or their relative importance. We have therefore developed a learning resource using Google Earth, a virtual globe with other useful, weather- and climate-related visualizations. A classroom test of 27 undergraduates in a public research university showed that 15 improved their test scores after the Google Earth-based laboratory class, whereas 5 disimproved. Mean correct answers rose from 4.7/10 to 6/10, giving a paired t-test value of 0.21. After using Google Earth, students are helped to segue to a heliocentric view.  相似文献   

基于自然语言路径描述的地图空间认知研究     

王剑  龙毅  颜言  沈倩如  SHEN Qian-ru 《测绘科学》2012,37(3):38-40

路径描述是日常生活中常见的地理空间信息应用方式,涉及到自然语言与地图语言的表达及转换关系。本文采用认知实验的方法,对自然语言的路径描述及其认知过程进行分析,研究了路径认知与表达上所涉及的空间关系,总结了利用自然语言表达地图空间信息的规律和习惯用法。  相似文献   

图像蒙版的三维场景专题信息表达     

孙晨  陈刚  彭伟锋  董远 《测绘科学》2012,37(3):118-120

本文提出利用图像蒙版技术表现场景专题信息:通过将重要的场景专题信息以单一图像的形式罩于地形表面,形成地形"蒙版",使用户只关注蒙版即可获取所需信息,用户可以在最短时间内形成对场景专题信息的总体把握与正确认识。这种方法在一定程度上提高了用户对场景的认知效率与深度。  相似文献   

遥感图谱认知理论与计算   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

骆剑承  吴田军  夏列钢 《地球信息科学学报》2016,18(5):578-589

近年来,随着对地观测技术的迅猛发展,卫星遥感领域逐渐进入了大数据时代。针对当前遥感应用的需求和特点,开展与视觉认知相结合的高分辨率遥感认知理论与方法研究是可行且必要的。在此背景下,受地学信息图谱思想启发,本文对遥感认知领域的图谱问题进行了研究,系统地提出了遥感图谱认知理论与计算方法论,旨在规范高分辨率遥感信息提取流程,构建精细化、定量化、智能化、综合化相结合的遥感信息解译模型。整套方法体系由横向“自底向上的分层抽象”和纵向“自顶向下的知识迁移”2个方向上的认知计算组成,分别对应了“由谱聚图”、“图谱协同”和“认图知谱”3大图谱转化过程。论文对涉及的概念、基本思想、关键技术及难点问题进行了重点分析,强调综合利用大数据、逐步融入知识来实现不同层次的遥感认知,以期为数据源极大丰富条件下的遥感信息解译提供新的视角。  相似文献   

句法视角下广州传统村落空间形态及认知研究   总被引：19，自引：1，他引：18  

陶伟  陈红叶  林杰勇 《地理学报》2013,68(2):209-218

本研究在句法视角下,选择广州小洲村为案例地,以轴线图结合意象图的分析方法,探讨村落空间形态与不同使用者空间认知的关系,得出以下结论：① 空间组构中具有高数值的某些变量,可被认为是地标性的显著空间元素,在使用者认知图表中扮演着重要的角色,其连续性极大地影响了空间认知;② 不同使用者的空间认知模式存在差异,本地居民能够更加容易认知村落深层次的空间格局;③ 城市化改变了传统村落具有的防御性及内聚性的原本形态特征,空间集聚中心由内部转向边缘,这是导致本地居民与其他使用者认知差异的重要原因.本研究为快速城市化进程中传统村落的发展与规划提供了重要启示,也是一种以新方法研究传统村落空间形态及空间认知的尝试.  相似文献   

社会化校园与单位式校园空间的环境认知     

周文智  朱佩娟  李爱年  陈颖 《热带地理》2013,33(5):596-603

中国社会转型带来的改革和建设不断促使大学校园走向开放与多元。针对单位式校园向社会化校园转变的趋势,研究两类校园空间的环境认知,对我国高校今后的发展与建设具有重要的理论意义。文章借鉴环境行为学方法,在探索性研究的基础上,采用调查问卷抽取环境认知与空间行为样本,通过边界与中心认知、行为地图缓冲区分析、网格统计和空间叠置等方法进行定性和定量分析,选取湖南师范大学和中南大学的本部校园作为对比案例,得出以下结论：1）社会化校园在被动地适应社会转型中融入城市系统,导致环境认知差于单位式校园;2）自然地理条件、功能格局和使用者主观意识相互交织,在时间因素的推动下,使社会化校园产生有别于单位式校园的空间行为格局;3）学生认知的发展性和社会转型环境影响的持续性,构建了环境认知与空间行为相互作用的机制。最后简单探讨了对大学校园建设的一些看法。  相似文献   

虚拟地理环境和地学认知检验——以澳大利亚维多利亚省卡集洼汇水盆地为例   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10  

陈小钢 《地理研究》2003,22(2):245-252

虚拟环境技术以GIS图形图像数据、景观纹理等信息为输入,利用高性能的计算机图形设备和技术,生成具有近似真实感受效果的模拟环境,便于认知主体以更自然的交互方式、更直观的视景、更逼真的感受探索虚拟环境,形成对现实环境的正确认识,开发空间智能。本文以澳大利亚维多利亚省卡集洼(Cudgewa)汇水盆地为实验地,应用虚拟环境技术,模拟现实环境。然后,应用认知科学的方法,检验虚拟环境技术应用的有效性、虚拟地理环境的真实性和环境认知的可靠性,为虚拟环境技术的地学研究提供方法论基础  相似文献